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Kiuru (Kiur)
The pipit, dozens of ’em breeding in Estonia:
- metskiur, tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
- Mongoolia kiur, Blyth’s pipit, A. godlewskii
- mägikiur, water pipit, A. spinoletta
- niidukiur aka stepi-niidukiur, Richard’s pipit, A. richardi
- nõmmekiur, tawny pipit, A. campestris
- randkiur, rock pipit, A. petrosus
- sookiur, meadow pipit, A. pratensis
- taigakiur, olive-backed pipit, A. hodgsoni
- tundrakiur aka punakurk-kiur, red-throated pipit, A. cervinus
Part of the Lilleküla bird-name group of streets. See also Koovitaja.
Kauri (Kaur)
Loon. One of the mysteries of modern-day life: I, British-born, never heard any name but ‘loon’, although it seems to be the American name, while Europeans say ‘diver’... Four species breeding in Estonia:
- järvekaur, black-throated diver or arctic loon, Gavia arctica
- jääkaur, great northern diver or common loon, G. immer
- punakurk-kaur, red-throated diver or loon (Eur. or US name), G. stellata
- tundrakaur, white- or yellow-billed diver (bill color debated, more likely yellow here), G. adamsii.
Part of the Lilleküla bird-name group of streets. See also Kiuru.
Compare with Kauri 1
Artelli (Artell)
‘Artel’, direct transcription of Rus. арте́ль, a workers’ guild or association, general term for various semi-formal cooperative associations in Russia and its sphere of influence from 1860ish to 1960ish, pretty much dead nowadays, despite its use in business names à la Hansa. Activities ranged from fishing and art, to stevedoring and thieving. Etymology very uncertain: Italian artiere, artisan has been suggested, but probably fortuitous. Vasmer seems to prefer either Tuvan урталай (urtalai), or Kipchak (Tatar or Bashkir) арт ил (art il), people in the rear, or reserve. The question remains open.
Forelli (Forell)
Trout. Could be one of the Salmonids: meriforell, sea trout, Salmo trutta morpha trutta, or jõeforell (lit. river trout) aka hõrnas, brown trout, S. t. m. fario (these two are actually the same species, but whereas the former is anadromic, or spends most of its life the sea and returns to the river to spawn, the latter is essentially freshwater); or the variously named harjus, harjakas, (both from hari:harja, crest, due to its large dorsal fin), ärn, õrn (these two names derived from the above hõrnas) or hõbeforell (lit. silver trout), grayling, Thymallus thymallus; or vikerforell: the steelhead, rainbow or ocean trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, renamed from Richardson’s S. gairdneri. For those tempted by logo-erotic nomenclature, the mykiss part of the name bears no relation to ichthyandric osculation, but comes from the fish’s Kamchatkan name ‘mykizha’, original spelling unsure, my Kamchatkan’s a little rusty. Named after local trout farm.
